A range of materials, history and reflections about the white poppy and what is symbolises - remembering the dead and hope for a culture of peace. From the Peace Pledge Union.
our projects
The Armed Forces Bill 2011 & human rights
Every 5 years Parliament passes an Armed Forces Act which provides the basis for military law in the UK. This is an important opportunity to address issues relating to human rights in the military. ForcesWatch will be working with others to raise these issues, including:
- concerns over the recruitment of under 18 year olds with no discharge as of right after 6 months.
- terms of service are complicated, confusing and severely restricting, yet unlike any other employment, breaching them can lead to a criminal conviction.
- the system for registering a conscientious objection is opaque and little information about it is available to serving personnel.
- those in the armed forces are excluded from much human rights legislation. They are not allowed to form a union, speak in public or join political organisations.
CAMPAIGN UPDATE: On 19 June 2011, the government announced that it would give teenage soldiers the right to leave the armed forces up until age 18 if they are unhappy. With other organisations, ForcesWatch has been campaigning for under-18s to have the right to leave the forces, and we welcome this development - see more. This is a significant improvement on the current situation which gives under 18s the right to leave only between the 2nd and 6th month of service. Additionally, the legislation allows for a possible reduction in the notice period of 12 months for those aged over 18. These changes came into force in July 2011 - read more here. We will continue to monitor whether recruits are made aware of these new rights.
Campaigning to raise the minimum age of recruitment to 18 years
The minimum age for enlisting in the UK armed forces is 16. The UK is the only country in Europe and the only country on the UN Security Council to recruit 16 year olds into its armed forces and is one of fewer than 20 countries in the world which recruit from the age of 16 years. Those who sign on when 16 or 17 must serve until they are 22.
The recruitment of minors has been criticised by the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child, Parliament’s own Joint Committee on Human Rights and a number of charities. The Armed Forces Bill is an opportunity to phase out the recruitment of people under 18, while introducing greater protection for 16- and 17-year-old personnel in the meantime.
The Armed Forces Bill 2011 is an important opportunity to address the problems inherent in the recruitment of minors. The following measures would help to bring the UK into line with international human rights standards. They would provide greater protection for the rights of young people and it would mean that adults could not be held to commitments made as minors.
- A timetable is agreed for phasing out the recruitment of minors into the armed forces.
- In the meantime, minors are given a Discharge As Of Right at any point until they turn 18. See CAMPAIGN UPDATE above.
- Until recruitment of minors is phased out completely, those who enlist are able to sign on for the same minimum period as adult recruits, rather than required to serve until turning 22.
- Terms of service should be simplified, so every recruit is clear about the commitment involved.
Read our briefing on Recruitment of Under 18s in the UK Armed Forces
Campaigning to increase awareness about conscientious objection
Life in the armed forces can have a significant effect on the outlook and attitudes of those who undertake it. Exposure to warfare can radically alter a person’s values and beliefs.
The armed forces recognise the right of serving personnel to be discharged if they develop a conscientious objection. But this right is not set out clearly in legislation, is not mentioned in the terms of service and many, perhaps most, forces personnel are unaware of it. The system for registering a conscientious objection is opaque and little information about it is easily available.
The Armed Forces Bill 2011 is an important opportunity to address the above concerns by introducing legislation that fully upholds the right to conscientious objection and makes its procedures accessible and transparent.
ForcesWatch suggests that the following measures would contribute significantly to this aim:
- The right to conscientious objection, and the basic procedures for applying for discharge, should be unified across the three forces and set down clearly in primary legislation (the Armed Forces Bill).
- The Notice Paper, which all recruits sign on joining the armed forces, should state clearly that there is a right to discharge due to conscientious objection.
- Information on conscientious objection should be freely available to all members of the armed forces. It should be mentioned in appropriate literature.
- Ethical concerns should be formally treated as conscientious objection, and recorded as such, whether or not the term “conscientious objection” is used by the person concerned.
- People registering conscientious objection should be suspended from duty while the application is considered.
- Objections, where seen to be based on political reasons, should be viewed as a matter of inner conviction as to right or wrong, rather than merely as an opinion.
Read our briefing on Conscientious Objection in the UK Armed Forces
Campaigning to improve terms and conditions of service within the armed forces
Employment in the armed forces is unique in placing severe restrictions on rights and freedoms that are available to the rest of the UK population. The armed forces are also the only employers in the UK who legally require their employees to commit themselves for several years, with the risk of a criminal conviction if they try to leave sooner.
This situation is all the more worrying given that the majority of recruits are very young. There is also evidence that many personnel are unclear about the length of their commitment and their rights to leave and that the information they receive can be misleading.
The Armed Forces Bill 2011 is an important opportunity to address some of the problems around terms of service. Forces Watch suggests that the following measures would contribute significantly to this aim.
- An overall reduction in the minimum length of service, perhaps to two years.
- The same minimum length of service for all three services, helping to avoid confusion.
- A change to the requirement to give a year’s notice (or eighteen months in the RAF) of the intention to leave when the minimum time period is up. This could be reduced to six months for all three branches of the forces. See CAMPAIGN UPDATE above.
- All under 18s should have the right to leave the forces if they choose. See CAMPAIGN UPDATE above.
- Bring the period for discharge as of right for over 18s in the army in line with over 18s in the Navy and RAF.
- Simplified terms of service, so every recruit is clear about the commitment involved.
- A commitment to improve freedom of expression and association for members of the forces in line with the Council of Europe recommendations.
Read our briefing on Terms of Service in the UK Armed Forces
information & resources
- The Armed Forces Bill in Parliament
- Early Day Motion 781 on Under-18s in the Armed Forces urging the Government to raise the minimum age of recruitment to 18 years in line with recommendations of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child. See more
- ForcesWatch briefings on:
Conscientious Objection
Terms of Service
Recruitment of under 18s - Submissions to the Armed Forces Bill Committee from ForcesWatch and other organisations concerned with these issues. see here
ForcesWatch press releases
news on the Armed Forces Bill
Poppy politics
In recent years, remembrance of those who have suffered in war has been made inseperable from supporting 'our heroes' active in recent and ongoing conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Among the debate this year, a number of veterans have expressed concern that the poppy is becoming politicised on the one hand and increasingly like showbusiness on the other.
Poppies and 'Heroes'
The Guardian
The Poppy Appeal is once again subverting Armistice Day. A day that should be about peace and remembrance is turned into a month-long drum roll of support for current wars. This year's campaign has been launched with showbiz hype. The true horror and futility of war is forgotten and ignored.
The public are being urged to wear a poppy in support of "our Heroes". There is nothing heroic about being blown up in a vehicle. There is nothing heroic about being shot in an ambush and there is nothing heroic about fighting in an unnecessary conflict.
Remembrance should be marked with the sentiment "Never Again".
Ben Griffin (Northern Ireland, Macedonia, Afghanistan, Iraq)
Ben Hayden (Northern Ireland, Macedonia, Afghanistan, Iraq)
Terry Wood (Northern Ireland, Falklands)
Ken Lukowiak (Northern Ireland, Falklands)
Neil Polley (Falklands)
Steve Pratt (Dhofar, Northern Ireland)
Poppy appeal's original aims being subverted, veterans complain
The Guardian
Critics say event is drum-roll for current conflicts but Royal British Legion says new approach has raised awareness
A group of veterans from conflicts including the Falklands and Northern Ireland have complained of the increasing glitz and glamour of the annual poppy appeal and of it being hijacked to marshall public support behind current campaigns.
In a letter in tomorrow's Guardian, the veterans argue that the original aim of the appeal as a sombre commemoration of the war dead and the horrors of conflict was in danger of being lost amid the marketing spin and tub-thumping political aims.
"A day that should be about peace and remembrance is turned into a month-long drum-roll of support for current wars. This year's campaign has been launched with showbiz hype. The true horror and futility of war is forgotten and ignored," they write.
The Royal British Legion organises the annual appeal, as well as events such as the festival of remembrance at the Royal Albert Hall and the service at the Cenotaph in Whitehall – this year on Sunday 14 November – and hopes to raise £36m, £2m more than last year. The sum is about half what it spends annually in supporting former servicemen and women.
This year's appeal was launched by the girl band the Saturdays at Colchester barracks, the Armed Services extreme flight team have held a "jump for heroes" with white parachutes decorated with red poppies and red smoke flares over Essex, and organisers persuaded the X Factor judges to start wearing poppies on the programme weeks ago.
As well as the buttonhole paper poppy, jute poppy bags, poppy jewellery (from £4.99), poppy T-shirts, scarves, caps and ties, cufflinks and tie-slides, not to mention more permanent lapel badges, are also on sale.
For some, it's all too much. "I am not sure I agree with all that," said the elderly RAF veteran with his cardboard tray of paper poppies outside a Sainsbury's in Kent. "It's a wonderful cause, but it's all getting a bit – what's the word? – excessive: a bit wallowing. I wouldn't like to say so openly though."
With all last survivors of the first world war now dead – Harry Patch, the last soldier to have served on the Western Front, died aged 111 last year – and veterans of the second world war in their 80s, the legion is using new ways to turn the public's attention to the casualties of newer conflicts.
Posters this year with the slogan "It only takes a second to put on a poppy" show a serviceman strapping on an artificial leg and a young widow with her baby daughter at the grave of her partner. It is the style and also the apparent politics of supporting our boys in unpopular wars such as Afghanistan and Iraq that has caused complaints.
The veterans' letter organiser is Ben Griffin, a London ambulance driver who served nine years in the Parachute Regiment, including in Afghanistan and Iraq, before refusing to return for a further term of service because of his concerns about US military tactics.
He said: "We are concerned that people are trying to take ownership of the poppy for political ends. It is almost as if they are trying to garner support for our boys and any criticism of the wars is a betrayal.
"That is not what the poppy was all about to start with: it was all about remembrance and peace: never again. The government should be supporting these casualties: they are their liability, not the British Legion's."
Ken Lukowiak, who served in the Falkland Islands and Northern Ireland between 1979 and 1984, and is now an author, is another signatory. He said: "I don't have a problem with the British Legion, which does wonderful work, but it is the sanitisation which concerns me.
"Part of me wants to be sensitive to the families who have lost loved ones and part of me wants to throw a bucket of blood into the living rooms of the nation every night to show people the true meaning of war.
"This year's poppy appeal is too showbizzy, too much glamour and glitz. It's like they are turning on the Christmas lights in Regent Street."
Robert Lee, the British Legion's spokesman, is unrepentant. "I am glad that they have noticed the change in campaigning. It's a fair cop. There have been criticisms, mainly from older veterans.
"We are the national custodians of remembrance but we are living in contemporary society. Not everything we do with the poppy appeal has to be static and serious, or conducted with a frown. It was very generous of the X Factor wearing poppies – that's caused quite a stir of Twitter, with people asking what they are.
"There is nothing in our appeal or campaigning which supports, or does not support, war: we are totally neutral. We are not a warmongering organisation. We don't have a position on war in Iraq or anywhere else. These boys don't send themselves to Iraq – that's a decision for the politicians.
"We help 160,000 cases a year, servicemen and women and their families. We represent widows at inquests, we fight for compensation for victims who have lost limbs. We are in there, up to our elbows dealing with the cost of conflict."
The poppy became a symbol of remembrance after the Canadian surgeon John McCrae hurriedly penned his verse In Flanders Fields in the back of a field ambulance at Ypres in May 1915, but it was only after the war that the flower came to symbolise remembrance of the war dead.
McCrae died of pneumonia and meningitis in January 1918 after three years spent patching up the wounded from the trenches. His poem ends: "If ye break faith with us who die, We shall not sleep, though poppies grow in Flanders fields."
Military Out Of Schools
ForcesWatch’s Military Out Of Schools campaign aims to take the argument that educational institutions are no place for the military into the public arena and to question assumptions that engagement with armed forces at a young age is benign. Additionally, we will provide materials to support those challenging military presence in their schools or provide a more balanced view of what life in the armed forces involves be given to young people.
Scroll down to read the full introduction to the project below
The UK armed forces visit thousands of schools each year. They offer school presentation teams, youth teams, ‘careers advisors’ and lessons plans. The Government has recently indicated that there will be an expansion of cadet forces within state schools to encourage the military ‘spirit’ and that ex-soldiers will mentor youngsters in schools.
While there are claims that school involvement is not about recruiting young people, the Ministry of Defence has itself stated that visits to educational establishments are a “powerful tool for facilitating recruitment”. In having contact with young people, the military aim to sow seeds in impressionable young minds. In 2007, the head of the Army’s recruitment strategy said, “Our new model is about raising awareness, and that takes a ten-year span. It starts with a seven-year-old boy seeing a parachutist at an air show and thinking, 'That looks great.' From then the army is trying to build interest by drip, drip, drip."
Should the armed forces by given access to children within education? How can we challenge their activities in schools and colleges? How can a more balanced view of what life in the armed forces involves be given to young people?
We question whether schools should be a channel through which a biased view of military life and activities can be fed to children. The forces, as an institution working to a long-term agenda, should not have the opportunity to gain influence with the provision of resources and activities.
Some in schools will be exposed to more extensive contact through the Combined Cadet Force which operates in over 250 schools in the UK. While many see the cadets offering discipline and excitement, they can draw youngsters struggling with academic subjects to a more exciting arena for personal achievement and belonging without a balanced understanding of the risks and obligations of military life.
If we do not provide a challenge to the military's engagement with our children, we are failing them. Young people need access to information and alternative, balanced views in order to make informed decisions about joining up.
Teachers unions in England and Scotland have questioned or called for a ban on army presentation teams in schools and colleges and students have themselves been able to question military presentations.
Teacher, parent, student? Complete one of our quick surveys
ForcesWatch resources
This ForcesWatch briefing is for parents, students and teachers concerned with military activities in their school. It looks at:
- how and why the armed forces engage with schools and colleges
- perspecitves on armed forces activities in schools and colleges
- things to think about before raising concerns with the school
- points and questions to raise with the school
- alternatives to military-led activities
- sources of more information
selected military in schools/colleges & education resources

Contents:
- Israel: Schools as Recruiters
- Venezuela — Revolution as Spectacle
- Militarism All Over Schools in Turkey
- Venezuela: Military in the classroom
- Soldiers in the playground
- Winning hearts and minds over to the army and defence industry
- Publicity campaign in the classroom
- Military in Schools in the United States
If you want to join the Army make sure you know ALL the facts before you sign up.Don’t find out the hard way!
Information from AT EASE for young people and to be given to young people.
Before You Sign Up has a useful page on Recruiting in schools and colleges. This website also has a lesson plan devised for Citizenship Key Stage 4. The learning outcomes are: an outline understanding of life as a soldier, including the pros and cons; understand and speak about ethical issues involved in recruiting young people from age 16 into the armed forces; ability to deconstruct a TV advertisement; and, bring critical awareness to an important social issue.
This research published in 2010 has found that the army visited 40% of London schools from September 2008 to April 2009 and disproportionately visits schools in the most disadvantaged areas. The researchers conclude that, “the army's recruitment activities in schools risk jeopardising the rights and future welfare of the young people contacted.
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This report, published by the Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers, "challenges the status quo currently surrounding the situation of young people in the UK armed forces today. It questions the ethics and legality of the restrictions on young recruits’ rights of discharge, their minimum period of service, and their exposure to the risk of hostilities. The report also makes the case for a considered review and debate on the minimum recruitment age. It highlights the evidence that not only is the experience of recruits in the 16 – 18 age bracket adversely affected by their relative lack of maturity, but that their high drop-out rate results in millions of pounds in wasted expenditure."





